What if the Peace of Westphalia had gone differently?

The settlement that entrenches the sovereign territorial state as Europe's basic unit.

If it had gone differently: Sovereignty stays contested; overlapping empires and churches keep claiming the same ground.

The real history on Wikipedia ↗

Later turning points that leaned on the Peace of Westphalia. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.

1. 1720The Enlightenment. Without it, Absolutism keeps its intellectual cover; 'rights of man' never enters common speech.
2. 1815The Congress of Vienna. Without it, No concert of powers forms; 19th-century Europe lurches from war to war with nothing holding the peace.
3. 1871German unification. Without it, Central Europe stays a cluster of middle powers; the balance that broke in 1914 never assembles.