🌊 Ripple · counterfactual
What if the practical steam engine had gone differently?
1712 · britain
Newcomen, then Watt, turn coal into reliable mechanical power.
If it had gone differently: Power stays tied to water, wind and muscle; factories cluster on rivers and stay small.
What it set up
- 1780The Industrial Revolution, Growth stays flat and Malthusian; most people alive in 1900 live about as their great-grandparents did.
- 1830The railway boom, Interiors stay isolated; cities stay walkable-sized and national markets never really knit together.
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