What if the rise of Islam had gone differently?

Within a century of Muhammad, a new faith and a new empire stretch from Iberia to India.

If it had gone differently: Arabia stays tribal and divided; the state that will carry Greek learning, algebra and trade across three continents never rises.

1. 800The House of Wisdom, Greek mathematics, medicine and astronomy are never translated and preserved; much of it is simply lost.
2. 1096The Crusades, Western Europe stays inward-looking; the appetite for spices and silk that will send ships around Africa never develops.
3. 1450The rise of the Ottoman Empire, The eastern Mediterranean stays contested and open; no single power can tax or close the road to the East.
4. 1492The completion of the Reconquista, Spain stays preoccupied at home; there is no unified, militant, cash-strapped crown looking for a gamble across the ocean.