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🌊 Ripple · counterfactual

What if the Protestant Reformation had gone differently?

1517 · rhineland

Luther's theses ignite a permanent split in Western Christianity.

If it had gone differently: Western Christianity stays a single church; no confessional map of Europe forms.

The real history on Wikipedia ↗

What it made possible

Later turning points that leaned on the Protestant Reformation. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.

  1. 1545The Council of Trent. Without it, The Catholic Church never reforms or re-centralises; without a Counter-Reformation the confessional map stays fluid.
  2. 1568The Dutch Revolt. Without it, The Low Countries stay Spanish; there is no Dutch Republic to pioneer the joint-stock company, the free press and the central bank.
  3. 1600The Scientific Revolution. Without it, Natural philosophy stays deferential to the ancients; no method, no acceleration.
  4. 1618The Thirty Years' War. Without it, Central Europe is spared its worst depopulation; the Holy Roman patchwork holds together longer.
  5. 1642The English Civil War. Without it, The English crown is never forced to reckon with Parliament by arms; the settlement of 1688 has nothing to build on.
  6. 1688The Glorious Revolution. Without it, The English crown keeps its arbitrary power over taxes and courts; property and lending stay risky.

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