🌊 Ripple · counterfactual
What if the Phoenician alphabet had gone differently?
-1050 · levant
A set of ~22 signs for sounds, not words, spreads with Phoenician traders around the Mediterranean.
If it had gone differently: Writing stays a scribal priesthood's monopoly of hundreds of signs; ordinary merchants and citizens never learn to read.
What it made possible
Later turning points that leaned on the Phoenician alphabet. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.
- -508Athenian democracy. Without it, Self-rule by citizens is never even attempted in the ancient world; the moderns have no example to point back to.
- -400Greek natural philosophy. Without it, Reasoned enquiry into how the world works never takes hold; there is no classical canon for medieval scholars to recover.
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