🌊 Ripple · counterfactual
What if the Napoleonic Wars had gone differently?
1803 · france
A decade of continental war spreads French law, nationalism and the metric system by force.
If it had gone differently: Nationalism stays a fringe idea; the map of Europe keeps its little principalities for another century.
What it made possible
Later turning points that leaned on the Napoleonic Wars. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.
- 1815The Congress of Vienna. Without it, No concert of powers forms; 19th-century Europe lurches from war to war with nothing holding the peace.
- 1820Latin American independence. Without it, Spain's American empire holds; the idea that a colony can simply declare itself a nation loses its second great proof.
- 1848The Revolutions of 1848. Without it, The demands for constitutions and nations are never even rehearsed; the old monarchies feel no pressure to bend.
- 1871German unification. Without it, Central Europe stays a cluster of middle powers; the balance that broke in 1914 never assembles.
- 1914The First World War. Without it, The old European empires are never shattered; the century's borders, grievances and revolutions all run another way.
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