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🌊 Ripple · counterfactual

What if Compulsory mass schooling had gone differently?

1870 · central-europe

Industrial states begin putting every child in a classroom, by law.

If it had gone differently: Literacy and numeracy stay patchy; the workforce and the electorate of 1900 look much like 1800's.

The real history on Wikipedia ↗

What it made possible

Later turning points that leaned on Compulsory mass schooling. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.

  1. 1870The first globalisation. Without it, The world economy stays a patchwork of regions; no belle-époque boom, and no 1914 shock when it unwinds.
  2. 1871German unification. Without it, Central Europe stays a cluster of middle powers; the balance that broke in 1914 never assembles.
  3. 1882Electric power grids. Without it, Factories stay chained to their own steam plants; there is no clean power in the home and no electronics to come.
  4. 1890The mass-circulation newspaper. Without it, News stays expensive and factional; there is no cheap daily press to make or manufacture a mass public opinion.

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