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🌊 Ripple · counterfactual

What if Compulsory mass schooling had gone differently?

1870 · central-europe

Industrial states begin putting every child in a classroom, by law.

If it had gone differently: Literacy and numeracy stay patchy; the workforce and the electorate of 1900 look much like 1800's.

What it set up
  1. 1870The first globalisation, The world economy stays a patchwork of regions; no belle-époque boom, and no 1914 shock when it unwinds.
  2. 1871German unification, Central Europe stays a cluster of middle powers; the balance that broke in 1914 never assembles.
  3. 1882Electric power grids, Factories stay chained to their own steam plants; there is no clean power in the home and no electronics to come.
  4. 1890The mass-circulation newspaper, News stays expensive and factional; there is no cheap daily press to make or manufacture a mass public opinion.

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