🌊 Ripple · counterfactual
What if the mass-circulation newspaper had gone differently?
1890 · north-america
Cheap newsprint, the linotype and advertising create the penny press and a national daily audience.
If it had gone differently: News stays expensive and factional; there is no cheap daily press to make or manufacture a mass public opinion.
What it made possible
Later turning points that leaned on the mass-circulation newspaper. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.
- 1914The First World War. Without it, The old European empires are never shattered; the century's borders, grievances and revolutions all run another way.
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