🌊 Ripple · counterfactual
What if the Industrial Revolution had gone differently?
1780 · britain
Mechanised production compounds output per person for the first time in history.
If it had gone differently: Growth stays flat and Malthusian; most people alive in 1900 live about as their great-grandparents did.
What it set up
- 1804The Jacquard loom, The punched card is never invented; computing loses its oldest idea and its first physical form.
- 1830The railway boom, Interiors stay isolated; cities stay walkable-sized and national markets never really knit together.
- 1839The Opium Wars, China is never prised open by force; it meets the industrial world on its own terms, or stays closed to it.
- 1859The first oil wells, The world runs on coal and whale oil; there is no cheap liquid fuel waiting for the engine that needs it.
- 1870The first globalisation, The world economy stays a patchwork of regions; no belle-époque boom, and no 1914 shock when it unwinds.
- 1882Electric power grids, Factories stay chained to their own steam plants; there is no clean power in the home and no electronics to come.
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