🌊 Ripple · counterfactual
What if Germ theory of disease had gone differently?
1865 · france
Pasteur and Lister establish that specific microbes cause specific diseases.
If it had gone differently: Doctors keep blaming bad air; surgery stays a death sentence and cities stay killing grounds.
What it made possible
Later turning points that leaned on Germ theory of disease. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.
- 1740Europe's population boom. Without it, Without a surplus of hands and mouths, there is no cheap urban workforce waiting for the factories.
- 1858The sanitation revolution. Without it, Cities keep drinking their own waste; the urban death rate never falls and the great cities stay capped in size.
- 1928Penicillin. Without it, A scratch can still kill you; childbirth, surgery and pneumonia keep their old death rates.
- 1943Mass-produced antibiotics. Without it, Antibiotics stay rare and experimental for another two decades; infection keeps its old grip on surgery and childbirth.
- 1950The Green Revolution. Without it, Famine stays a normal feature of the late 20th century; populations in Asia and Latin America stall.
- 1953The structure of DNA. Without it, How life stores its instructions stays a mystery; molecular biology, genetic medicine and biotech never get started.
Want to actually pull the lever? Play today's Ripple →