🌊 Ripple · counterfactual
What if the fall of Constantinople had gone differently?
1453 · mediterranean
Ottoman cannon breach the walls; the eastern land routes to Asia now run through one gatekeeper.
If it had gone differently: The Mediterranean spice routes stay open and cheap; no one in Iberia is desperate enough to gamble on the open ocean.
What it made possible
Later turning points that leaned on the fall of Constantinople. Change it in the game and the ripples reach all of these.
- 1492Columbus reaches the Americas. Without it, The Atlantic stays a barrier for generations; Europe's empires grow east, not west.
- 1600The chartered East India companies. Without it, European trade with Asia stays a matter of small merchant convoys; no company-states, no gunboat empires.
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