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🌊 Ripple · counterfactual

What if the Enlightenment had gone differently?

1720 · france

Reason, rights and progress become the vocabulary of educated Europe.

If it had gone differently: Absolutism keeps its intellectual cover; 'rights of man' never enters common speech.

What it set up
  1. 1776The American Revolution, British North America stays British; no early proof that a large republic can work.
  2. 1789The French Revolution, The Bourbons reform slowly from above; Europe's old order bends instead of breaking.
  3. 1796Jenner's smallpox vaccine, Smallpox keeps culling children into the 20th century; the very idea of a vaccine arrives late.
  4. 1820Latin American independence, Spain's American empire holds; the idea that a colony can simply declare itself a nation loses its second great proof.
  5. 1833Britain abolishes slavery, The biggest naval power keeps slavery legal; abolition loses its first state sponsor and stalls for decades.
  6. 1870Compulsory mass schooling, Literacy and numeracy stay patchy; the workforce and the electorate of 1900 look much like 1800's.

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