What if the Council of Trent had gone differently?

The Catholic Church reforms its abuses, hardens its doctrine and organises a fightback.

If it had gone differently: The Catholic Church never reforms or re-centralises; without a Counter-Reformation the confessional map stays fluid.

1. 1600The Scientific Revolution, Natural philosophy stays deferential to the ancients; no method, no acceleration.
2. 1618The Thirty Years' War, Central Europe is spared its worst depopulation; the Holy Roman patchwork holds together longer.
3. 1648The Peace of Westphalia, Sovereignty stays contested; overlapping empires and churches keep claiming the same ground.